Centrifugal Force Ap Human Geography

Countries today confront a myriad of bug that threaten to split up its citizens. Religious differences, for example, can split people of the same culture. Differences in language tin can exist a cause for unrest, and may crave resolution by the central government. Cultural diverseness in many countries is deeply rooted and can create powerful divisions inside the population. Divisions are a reality in whatever country, but there are also forces that unite countries and strengthen the populace because of a stiff honey of and loyalty to their country. This AP® Human Geography study guide will explore those forces that divide (centrifugal) or unify (centripetal) a state. Nosotros volition define centrifugal and centripetal forces and how they tin can originate in political, economic or cultural dimensions. We will as well talk over why these two forces are vital to the survival of the state.

Both centrifugal and centripetal forces be in the same dimensions, and examples are in the areas of religion, language, ethnicity, government, and concrete geography. This report guide will aid you lot sympathize the definition centrifugal and centripetal forces and give you examples of how each force can unite or divide a land.

What Makes a Land a Country?

The concepts of political geography and the land are important to sympathise when nosotros discuss centripetal and centrifugal forces, because they may affect the future of a country. In the context of homo geography, please note that term terms state and country are synonymous and are used interchangeably. Before we look at forces that can divide or unite a country, let's review the concepts of political geography and the state. Political geography is how humans define and control land and its resources through the establishment of states. Our planet is divided into political units called states or countries. Each country has defined borders, which have set boundaries, and are organized into a political unit, ruled by an established regime that has control over its internal and foreign diplomacy. Countries occupy a defined territory and take a permanent population. A land has sovereignty, which means independence from command of its internal diplomacy past other states. A nation is a group of unified people with a common civilisation. The Kurds would be an example of a nation without a state of their own. Nation-states describe a state comprised of a population with over 90 per centum of a particular culture. Nippon and Lesotho are practiced examples of nation-states.

A concern of any state is how to stay sovereign in the confront of forces that may carve up its citizens. States describe on unifying forces to rally its citizens behind forces common to its national identity. A federal land gives local political units like states or provinces within that country a measure of ability. Conversely, unitary states are characterized by a strong fundamental authorities. Divisive forces threaten a land's sovereignty past dividing the land and breaking downward the key authorities. They are also forces that unite and bind a country together similar a common faith or a shared ideology. Let's wait at what those forces are.

Centripetal vs Centrifugal Forces Defined

The theory of centripetal and centrifugal forces is associated with political geographer Richard Hartshorne. He argued that the integration of a state'due south geographical area involved two competing forces. Centrifugal forces that pull people apart, and centripetal forces that bring people together. These forces can limit interaction, producing regionalism and creating dissimilarity amongst people of a land. So, what stops a state from falling apart? That country must have centripetal forces of greater magnitude than the centrifugal forces. Countries are susceptible to forces that divide or unite them. Centripetal forces unite a country where centrifugal forces tend to divide. When the centripetal forces boss a land, it will stand up business firm in the face of global challenges and struggles, too as conflicts within their borders. When internal centrifugal forces threaten to divide the state, the cardinal authorities may break down and neglect. A strong and charismatic leader tin can mitigate this segmentation. National institutions and symbols can likewise rally a country together in spite of sectionalisation. Nationalism, or the potent dearest of and loyalty to one'due south land, is also a powerful centripetal force and tin can create solidarity among the populace.

What are Some Examples of Centripetal Forces?

We know that centripetal force is an attitude that unifies people and enhances back up for a country. In other words, centripetal forces from inside a land unite it and keep the state together. They stabilize and strengthen the state and create a sense of unity. Let's expect at examples of centripetal forces and why they are important to the state.

National identity is a strong centripetal strength in the political dimension. A popular mode of showing national identity is through the use of icons and expressions, depicted in flags, national anthems, and sports teams. These symbols reinforce a national awareness and instill in the population a sense of pride and loyalty. An example of a centripetal strength would be during the 1995 Rugby Globe Loving cup. And so president of South Africa, Nelson Mandela used the Springboks, the national rugby team, to help unite a divided nation. South Africa had just broken complimentary from more than 400 years of racial inequality.

Centripetal forces in the economic dimension unite a country by ensuring the population that there are sufficient resources to support the long-term stability of the state. A first-course infrastructure would be a centripetal strength in a state. When there is a good transportation system that is available to all citizens, all the resources of the country are accessible, making life easier for the everyone. The excellent railroad system in India is an example of a centripetal force in the economic dimension.

Centripetal forces in the cultural realm can be the about powerful unifying force all. Religion and language are tied closely with culture and emote strong, sometimes overpowering feelings of unity and are examples centripetal forces inside in a state. Hinduism in Nepal and Republic of india brings people together as they feel a sense of unity. In Israel, Modern Hebrew was created to unify a moving ridge of global immigrants looking for a new life in the Jewish homeland.

What are Some Examples of Centrifugal Forces?

Centrifugal forces, in contrast to centripetal forces, are forces or attitudes that tend to divide a country. Centrifugal forces originate in the same dimensions as centripetal forces, merely the forces pull the population apart instead of bringing it together. Centrifugal forces can besides include physical features that limit interaction between the people of the state. Homo-made concepts like differences in religious beliefs, civilization, and economic activity also act as centrifugal forces. Every bit we learned, to survive, there must be centripetal forces of greater than the centrifugal force in a state. If these centrifugal forces reach a critical stage, it can lead to Balkanization , which is the procedure where a state breaks down through struggles amid ethnic groups. Centrifugal forces change and weaken a state past disrupting the internal order of the country.

Political forces tin divide a country when its citizens exercise non trust the central government, disagree with its political ideology, or when minority groups are mistreated or underrepresented. This centrifugal strength can lead to poor relationships betwixt the majority and minority groups and fifty-fifty to armed conflict or civil war.

Centrifugal forces in the cultural dimension can be only as divisive as centripetal forces are unifying. Cultural diversity in many states creates powerful divisions among the people. Religious differences can exist an overriding centrifugal forcefulness in a state. These divisions can lead to separatist movements like the Sikhs in India or the Kurds in Turkey. Some other case is the ideological differences betwixt the Shiite and Sunni Muslims, acting as a centrifugal force considering their differences in ideology are polarizing rather than unifying. Language can also pull apart a nation as is the case in Republic of india where at that place are more than a dozen official languages. Poor communication can lead to misunderstanding and conflict.

Economic centrifugal forces can create feelings of inequality in a state. Poor regions of a country tin can feel disadvantaged past wealthier ones. Richer areas of the country can too experience put upon by having to provide subsidies to poorer ones. In Italian republic, the richer northward pushed for autonomy from the poorer south. Despite subsidies, the development gap is growing. In Brazil, wealthier provinces of the south argue that taxation money is being misspent past the authorities for assistance to the Amazon Forest region.

Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces and the AP® Human Geography Exam

The CollegeBoard places significance on centripetal and centrifugal forces when information technology comes to the AP® Man Geography exam. The class description even dedicates a learning objective to these forces. You need to make certain you sympathize the differences between centrifugal and centripetal forces and how they can unite and divide a land'due south population. Be sure you lot have a thorough agreement of both forces and tin can requite examples and specific details based on the three dimensions of centrifugal and centripetal forces: political, cultural and economic.

You tin can expect a FRQ on this topic since it has been function of past AP® Human Geography exams. Here is an example from the 2006 FRQ (question iii)

3. The viability of any country depends on a rest between centripetal and centrifugal forces.

Define the concepts "centripetal force" and "centrifugal force."
Give a specific example of and explain a centripetal force that affects the viability of any of usa shown on the map to a higher place.
With reference to a different specific example, explain a centrifugal forcefulness that affects the viability of any of the states shown on the map in a higher place.

For Office A of the question, make sure you lot reference the viability of the state in each definition. For example, centrifugal forces carve up a state and can atomic number 82 to a disruption of internal order or balkanization. Centripetal forces unify a state by providing stability and creating solidarity.

For Parts B and C, make sure yous give specific details for each example. If you chose religion equally a centripetal forcefulness, you might talk virtually Hinduism in Bharat or Nepal, Islam in Pakistan or People's republic of bangladesh, or Buddhism in Kingdom of bhutan. If yous use cultural difference or separatist movements every bit a centrifugal force, you tin can hash out the Sikhs in India, the Muslims in Kashmir, or the Maoist rebels in Nepal.

Make sure you exercise not utilise the aforementioned force and land for both B and C. You may use the same land with different forces, or the same forcefulness with unlike countries.

Conclusion

We have learned that divisive forces are a reality in our globe, but that there are also forces that unite countries and strengthen the land. Those forces that dissever are centrifugal, and those that unify are chosen centripetal. We know that both types of forces can originate in the political, economical or cultural dimensions and are vital to the survival of the country. Examples of centrifugal and centripetal force are found in religion, language, ethnic culture, regime, and concrete geography. Hopefully, this AP® Human being Geography study guide has helped you lot empathise this concept more than clearly so you can utilize what you have learned when you have the AP® Human being Geography East xam .

Let's put everything into practice. Effort this AP® Human Geography practise question:

Looking for more AP® Human Geography practice?

Check out our other articles on AP Human Geography.

You tin can also find thousands of practice questions on Albert.io. Albert.io lets you customize your learning experience to target practice where you need the most assist. We'll give you challenging exercise questions to help you lot achieve mastery in AP® Man Geography.

Start practicing here .

Are you a instructor or administrator interested in boosting AP® Human Geography student outcomes?

Larn more about our school licenses here.